Pd Nanocatalysts supported on hollow carbon spheres for heck reaction: Void-confinement effect with varying space size in liquid-phase processes

In this study, a nanoreactor-type catalyst was employed in the Heck reaction, with Pd NPs embedded into the shells of mesoporous hollow carbon spheres. Our findings highlight the critical role of both the cavity and mesoporous shell in achieving high activity and stability simultaneously. Additionally, by adjusting the size of the nanoreactor, the void-confinement effect diminishes as the available space increases. This study focuses on designing an intelligent Pd-based catalyst with enhanced catalytic activity toward the Heck reactions and good recyclability by using "in & out" strategy. This approach has the potential to provide microenvironmental engineering strategies for hollow nanostructures.