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Observing the mass shifts of mesons immersed in nuclear matter is interesting, as the changes are expected to shed light on the effects of chiral symmetry breaking on the origin of hadron masses. At the same time, it is important to understand the momentum dependence of the masses for spin-1 mesons, as the changes manifest differently across the two polarization modes. Here, the mass shifts of K₁^ mesons with finite three-momentum in nuclear medium are studied in the QCD sum rule approach. We find that the mass of K₁^+ (K₁^-) meson is increased (decreased) by the non-trivial momentum effect in both the transverse and longitudinal modes. Specifically, compared to its rest mass in the nuclear medium, in the transverse mode, the mass of K₁^+ (K₁^-) is observed to shift by +2 (-55) MeV, while in the longitudinal mode, the mass shift is +13 (-11) MeV, all at a momentum of 0. 5 GeV. Exploring the medium modifications of K₁ meson through kaon beams at J-PARC will provide insights on the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear matter.
Yeo et al. (Sat,) studied this question.