Urban storm water prediction by applying machine learning techniques and geomorphological characteristics

The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a reliable software for simulating stormwater runoff in combined drainage facilities. However, it faces challenges in efficiency, especially when executing real-time forecasting. This research explores an alternative machine learning (ML) approach to predict water levels in sewer and street drainage systems utilizing SWMM data for model training. The goal is to construct a hybrid ML model for urban flooding prediction, considering hydrologic conditions, geomorphologic properties, and drainage facility features. A robust training method is introduced to deliberate complex flow conditions. The suggested approach achieves favorable performance in predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. Findings include: (1) Similarity between ML and SWMM flooding depth on street nodes increases from 62.3% to 96.2% with the proposed training. (2) The proposed model is about 50 times faster than SWMM in urban flood simulations. (3) Reliable predictions from the ML model are demonstrated through four accuracy metrics.