Revealing the superior effect of using prepared nano additives for the reduction of the nitrogen oxides, carbon mono oxide, and smoke emissions of the diesel–biodiesel blend.

Abstract The world is forced to look for alternative ways of energy production due to the depletion of fossil fuels and many critical pollution problems that harm the environment. The most important alternative source of energy is biodiesel which is a type of fuel synthesized from natural resources such as agriculture wastes, used cooking oil, animal fat, and algae. Biodiesel is eco-friendly fuel and has characterized over petrodiesel by its lower aromatics, sulphur, and carbon emissions. Therefore, many countries currently use diesel-biodiesel blends as a fuel for many applications. Although this blend has many advantages, it has a critical disadvantage that it emits nitrogen oxides (NOx) gases when burning higher than pure diesel. In our study, we prepared different nano additives with different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) to be added to the diesel-biodiesel blend (B30), then investigate their effect on NO X , Carbon mono oxide (CO), and smoke emissions. The prepared nano additives were nano amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), nano Copper oxide (CuO), and nano zinc oxide (ZnO). All prepared additives achieved a remarkable reduction in emission compared with diesel-biodiesel (B30) blend. Nano amorphous TiO 2 achieved a superior reduction in all emissions compared to pure diesel and neat B30 as it achieves the highest NOx emissions reduction by 43.46% compared to B30 blend emissions at load 2 Nm and a concentration of 100 ppm. Additionally, the same concentration achieved 35% reduction in NOx emissions compared to pure diesel emissions at the same load. For the other additives, ZnO and CuO when added to B30 achieves a considerable reduction in emissions compared to neat B30, but when compared with neat diesel the nano additives exhibited a varied emission reduction.