Natural pastures of the Republic of Kazakhstan: monitoring and conservation of productivity

The goal is to identify problems and find ways to solve the rational use of pastures in Kazakhstan. Methods - analytical for studying legislative and regulatory acts on pasture management, monographic - when familiarizing yourself with profile studies and publications on the regulation of pasture resources of the Republic, statistical-on the basis of official information of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic, cartographic and abstract - logical-to summarize the results of the tasks set. Results - the legislative and regulatory support for pasture farming was analyzed, the dynamics of a decrease in the intensity of its development during the period of land reform in the country was shown. Large pasture areas have been found to be degraded, as evidenced by space monitoring data - 87% are not covered with vegetation. Despite the fact that the cadastre is maintained in digital format, land use plans do not indicate the boundaries of lands that are not fixed, which, in turn, complicates their visual location for drawing up pasture turnover schemes and making decisions on the organization of pasture territories. Conclusions - it was found that when there is a sufficient number of pastures in the Ereymentau district, the population feels a shortage of them for grazing. Based on the map of agricultural land, a forecast of the need for pasture land is presented here. Obstacles limiting the further production of forage crops were identified, including the lack of systematic subsidies in accordance with the impact on the environment, secondary heredity on unused plots and the low level of practical knowledge of farmers on the management of forage agricultural land. Recommendations were given to coordinate the loads on feed biocenoses and increase their productivity. Kazakhstan has a huge potential for natural forage landscapes, which are not used enough to create a sustainable forage base and obtain environmentally friendly and cheap livestock products.