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This research paper investigates the refraction and dispersion behavior of electromagnetic waves in various metamaterials and anisotropic media. The study aims to understand how these advanced materials influence wave propagation and to identify their potential applications in optical devices and communication systems. Utilizing an experimental setup, the refraction angles and wave velocities were measured for different materials across a frequency range of 1 GHz to 10 GHz. Key findings include a positive correlation between frequency and refraction angle for metamaterials, indicating strong spatial dispersion effects. Anisotropic media exhibited varied refraction behaviors based on their permittivity and permeability tensors. These results validate theoretical predictions and demonstrate the materials' suitability for applications requiring precise control over wave propagation, such as high-resolution imaging, beam steering, and frequency-selective surfaces. The study fills critical gaps in the literature, offering practical insights into the design and optimization of technologies that rely on electromagnetic wave manipulation. Future research is recommended to further explore the material properties and extend their applications in innovative optical and communication technologies.
Dwivedi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.