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Rainstorm disasters pose a significant threat to the sustainable development of urban areas, and effectively organizing diverse information sources about them is crucial for emergency management. In light of recent advances in knowledge graph theory and application technology, their notable knowledge integration and representation capabilities may offer support for dynamic monitoring and decision-making processes concerning urban rainstorm disaster events. However, conventional models do not adequately capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of these events. To fill this gap, we analyze the essence of urban rainstorm disaster events and divide their evolution into four stages, namely, pregnant, development, continuous, and decline stages. On this basis, a multilevel knowledge representation model is proposed from four layers, which are event, object–state, feature, and relationship layers, by analyzing the components and dynamic characteristics from the mechanism of urban rainstorm disaster events. The proposed model can not only express the comprehensive structure and relationships within urban rainstorm events, but also emphasize the evolution of disaster events through a series of ordered states. Moreover, we test the utility of the constructed knowledge graph through a case study of the Zhengzhou 720 rainstorm. The case study first validates that the selected machine learning models can extract the urban rainstorm disaster event information accurately by comparing them with some mainstream models. Then, it demonstrates that the knowledge graph is practical in the field of disaster knowledge representation, and disaster condition retrieval. Additionally, since the knowledge graph can show the evolution of a disaster event throughout its full life cycle, it can promote the understanding of the mechanisms of urban rainstorm disasters and pave the way for future applications of disaster prevention and reduction.
Zou et al. (Mon,) studied this question.