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This paper comprehensively analyzes biochemical markers for early detection and monitoring of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). It begins by examining traditional biomarkers like troponin for MI and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for HF, discussing their roles, limitations, and clinical challenges. The study then explores emerging genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers, assessing their potential for more precise and personalized diagnostics than traditional markers. Additionally, the thesis investigates how these novel biomarkers can be integrated with digital health technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and develop patient-specific treatment strategies. It also considers the role of these biomarkers in preventive cardiology, particularly in identifying individuals at risk before symptoms appear. The thesis concludes by emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic tools in early detection and monitoring of MI and HF, the promising future of personalized medicine in cardiovascular disease care, and suggests directions for future research. The overall aim is to contribute to improved patient outcomes and better management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally.
Nai et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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