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The study aimed to identify the most abundant compounds in raspberry leaf extract via HPLC analysis, conduct theoretical and practical assessments of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities both in silico, in vitro, and in vivo, and evaluate the correlation between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Polyphenols were quantified using HPLC; molecular docking was carried out using AutoDockTools 1.5.6; antioxidant activity was ascertained via the potentiometric method; and anti-inflammatory activity was examined based on the carrageenan edema method. The extract was found to be rich in epicatechin (0.417%), (+)-catechin (0.501%), and ellagitannins (0.401%). The free energy of (+)-catechin and epicatechin was -8.40 and -7.20 respectively for the active sites of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and -6.60 and -7.11 for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase). Notably, the antioxidant activity of the raspberry leaf extract was 1.43%, 1.04%, and 10.62% higher than that of green tea leaf extract for doses of 4.00, 2.00, 0.20 mg/mL, respectively. Treatment with the raspberry leaf extract at a dose of 13.0 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease in edema after 1, 2, and 3 hours by 38.8%, 41.8%, and 48.8%, respectively, compared to the control group. The study demonstrated a correspondence between experimental and theoretical results in evaluating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Correlation analysis further substantiated that the anti-inflammatory action is dependent on antioxidant activity.
Maslov et al. (Tue,) studied this question.