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Additive manufacturing has proven to be a reliable and quick method for creating devices and tools. One example is 3D‐printed nasal swabs that require robust mechanical strength while maintaining adequate flexibility. However, there is a lack of detailed understanding on the mechanical response of tubular structures under torsion loading. The goal of this work is to understand the torsional behavior of a group of 3D‐printed tubular metamaterials. The idea of mechanical metamaterials is used and it is started with a rectangular lattice. Two main design methods are used: reinforced lattices and compliant lattices. First, diagonal reinforced beams are added to enhance the torsional rigidity. Furthermore, pre‐buckling is added to the straight beam, creating a flexible structure that increases the maximum torsional resistance. The experiments demonstrate that the sponge‐inspired design exhibits enhanced stiffness approximately 21 times that of baseline tubular designs. Moreover, the strength and toughness of the sponge‐inspired design are approximately 2.5 and 3 times higher. By curving the beam, compliant tubulars are created. The torsional angle is increased by at least 2.7 times, while the torsional toughness can reach up to 17 times. Using these two design strategies helps in creating tubular metamaterials with varied applications.
Zhang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.