Prevalence and Sociodemographic Covariates of Human Papillomavirus in the United States: Findings from the 2008 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample Database

Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is widespread worldwide, leading to a significant burden of HPV-related cancers. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of HPV infection in the United States based on a large nationwide inpatient sample database. We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2008 to 2020 and identified HPV cases using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth (ICD-9) and Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Pearson’s chi-square and independent-sample t-test were used for the analysis. The prevalence ratio was calculated using logistic regression models and the Cochran Armitage trend test to examine trends. A total of 47,506 HPV infections were identified from 2008 to 2020 among adults aged >18 years. Most patients were female (99.72%), with a higher prevalence among the 26-40 age group and white individuals. HPV infections were more prominent among low-income individuals and in the southern region of the United States. From 2008 to 2020, HPV increased from 6.76% to 10.91%. This study provides insights into the epidemiology of HPV infection in the United States. Understanding the trends and characteristics of HPV infection can contribute to public health interventions aimed at prevention and early detection.