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Abstract. The current scenario of understanding spatial objects with regards to land and marine environment seems lacking. Inevitably, the scenario in line with the global warming issues as being highly mentioned by world-bodies such as the United Nations (UN) on climate change, etc. Recently the statistics on earth surface temperature point towards high record temperatures that lead to sea-level rise and degradation of land surface area, in general. These situations caused other spatial objects (land and marine properties) to be affected by their physical properties’ changes (including geometries and locations). Thus, this paper attempts to review various aspects related to digital twins of land and marine spatial objects with respect to issues and challenges of multiple data acquisition techniques considering accuracy, data standard, seamless and integrated georeferenced data within the scenario as being reported in the 6th IPCC document. The situation warrants us to explore different types of land and marine properties (static and dynamic) where static properties are defined as immovable objects and vice versa for the dynamic environment. This paper also discusses on a brief experiment utilizing MERIT DEM (Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain Digital Elevation Model), existing building footprints, simulated bathymetry, and land use datasets. The experiment reveals the prediction of the sea level rise according to the IPCC report. The gist of this paper to serve a motivation for our near-future research in the context of geospatial components and sea level rise (SLR).
Rahman et al. (Fri,) studied this question.