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The global dairy industry has faced substantial challenges because of the prolonged coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since 2020 and the initiation of conflict between the Ukraine and Russia. In 2022, the overall milk production reached 936 million tons, reflecting a modest 1.1% increase in total global production. This indicates below-average growth for the second consecutive year because the supply to major export regions became more challenging owing to a significant increase in costs. In China, India, and Pakistan, total milk production increased markedly by 3.1% (average) because of buffalo milk production. In the near future, global milk production is expected to exhibit an average annual growth rate of 1.5%, exceeding that of other major agricultural products. Notably, the trade flow of dairy products is highly reactive to changes in the trade policy environment. Revisions to existing trade agreements or the introduction of new agreements can significantly impact the demand for dairy products and alter the trade patterns of the industry. Collectively, adaptability and strategic policy responses are critical in shaping the future development of this industry, and industry stakeholders worldwide should remain vigilant and prepare for these challenges.
Kim et al. (Fri,) studied this question.