Overview of Laboratory Diagnosis of Human Helicobacteriosis

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori)(HP) is the causative agent of helicobacteriosis. Found often there, it irritates and inflames the stomach and small intestinal walls. In 2015, an estimated 4.4 billion people globally carried Helicobacter pylori infections. Adenocarcinoma risk has increased since this bacterium was originally isolated, suggesting that it may be one of the most prevalent human bacterial infections. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated it a Category 1 carcinogen in 1994. Several assays are available for use in the laboratory for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection from patient samples. These tests may be broken down into two categories: invasive and non-invasive treatments, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. However, there are limitations to each in terms of actual clinical use. Clinical context, probability ratio of positive and negative tests, cost-effectiveness of testing approach, and availability of the test should all factor into the choice of test. Paying close attention to the positive news about Helicobacter pylori is crucial to reducing the incidence of H. pylori infection and its associated symptoms. These problems can be avoided altogether if the illness is caught and treated in time. In this review, we will discuss the methods used to identify Helicobacteriosis in humans in the laboratory, both invasive and non-invasive.