Disaster risk analysis of Merapi Volcano eruption in the north slope based on the New Volcanic Risk Ranking (VRR) methods

Abstract Merapi Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and has inconsistent direction and eruption types. In addition, unplanned urbanization and the ever-increasing population on the North Slope of Merapi Volcano can cause population concentration and increasingly complex economic activities in areas exposed to natural hazards. This research aims to determine the hazard, exposure, vulnerability, resilience, and risk of Merapi Volcano eruption on the northern slopes. Risk level analysis uses the New Volcanic Risk Ranking methodology. The New Volcanic Risk Ranking consists of 34 parameters, with hazard having two parameters, exposure having nine parameters, vulnerability having ten, and resilience having thirteen parameters. Because the number of parameters evaluated for each factor is different, normalization is required to 10 so that they have the same weight. The research results show that the eruption threat index on the northern slopes of Merapi Volcano was dominated by high class, with the highest areas in Tlogolele Village (priority in Hamlet 5) and Klakah Village (focus in Hamlet 3 and 4). The high-exposure index within a 5 km radius of the Merapi Volcano crater is Tlogolele Village (priority in Hamlet 5) and Klakah Village (focus in Hamlet 4). The overall vulnerability index on the North Slope is in the medium class. The highest disaster resilience index is in Tlogolele and Klakah Villages. The high-risk level is in Tlogolele Village (priority in Hamlet 5) and Klakah Hamlet (focus in Hamlet 3 and 4).