Indonesian Government Policy Prohibits the Export of Nickel Ore in the Form of Raw Materials

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to critically examine the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting the export of nickel ore and its implications from a legal, regulatory, and economic perspective. By conducting a thorough analysis of relevant regulations, including Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation (Permen ESDM) No. 11 of 2019, this study aims to elucidate the rationale behind the prohibition and assess its impact on Indonesia's economic sovereignty, value addition in the nickel industry, and international trade relations. Additionally, the research seeks to provide recommendations to stakeholders, particularly the Indonesian Government, on navigating the challenges and opportunities associated with the nickel ore export prohibition, with a view toward promoting sustainable economic development and maximizing the benefits derived from the country's mineral resources. Theoretical framework: This research uses a multidisciplinary theoretical framework to analyze the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports. It uses normative legal theory, constitutional law, administrative law, resource curse theory, export-led growth theory, trade policy analysis, state sovereignty, political economy perspectives, and international relations theory to understand the policy's implications on legal, economic, and political dynamics at domestic and international levels. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining normative legal research with qualitative analysis, to examine the Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports. It examines the legal framework, aligns with international norms, and gathers insights from stakeholders through interviews, document analysis, and thematic analysis. The findings are then analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the policy's legal, economic, and socio-political dimensions. Findings: The Indonesian Government's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports has led to increased value addition, employment opportunities, and technology transfer. This policy aligns with Indonesia's sovereignty over its natural resources, aligns with international obligations, and enjoys domestic support. The policy has potential long-term implications for sustainable development and strategic positioning, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to resource management and international trade relations. Research, Practical & Social Implication: The research provides a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia's policy of prohibiting nickel ore exports, offering insights for future studies. It also informs comparative studies, policy design, diplomatic engagement, and social implications. The policy's potential for economic development and environmental protection is highlighted, promoting sustainable management of Indonesia's mineral resources. Originality/Value: This research explores Indonesia's policy prohibiting nickel ore exports, focusing on its economic, legal, and socio-political implications. It uses a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating legal, economic, and political perspectives. The empirical data from stakeholder interviews and document analysis provides valuable insights. The findings have practical implications for policymakers and international actors in resource governance and sustainable development.