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The exploration and extraction of hydrocarbons in regions characterized by unstable rock formations pose significant challenges to the oil and gas industry as increasing operational costs, safety hazards and environmental risks. This study focuses on advancing the technology of drilling and repairing wells in conditions where geological instability complicates traditional drilling processes, for example hole closure, collapse, fracturing etc. Moreover, it discusses all aspects of wellbore instability in drilling, from causes and symptoms to prevention and its impact. The mportance of ongoing research and development initiatives to advance drilling fluid technology suitable for unstable geological situations is also emphasized in the paper. In order to reduce the risk of borehole instability and maximize drilling efficiency, it investigates the formulation of high-performance drilling fluids with improved lubricity, filtration control, and shale inhibitory qualities. A frequent issue is lost circulation. Drilling fluid leaks into the nearby rock formations from the borehole cause this to happen. Numerous issues, like as decreased drilling efficiency, formation damage, and potentially environmental contamination, can result from lost circulation. The development of new technologies such as advancing drilling fluids, improving real-time monitoring are essential for improving the efficiency and safety of drilling and workover of wells in unstable rock formations.
Tikebayev et al. (Thu,) studied this question.