Effectiveness of Combined (Endoscopic + Radiological) Approaches in Mechanical Jaundice

Benign obstructive jaundice remains one of the urgent problems of modern surgery, requiring the development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study is to improve the results of complex treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice through priority use of minimally invasive technologies. The study included 424 patients with benign obstructive jaundice who were treated at the multidisciplinary clinic of Samarkand State Medical University from 2015 to 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group consisted of 296 patients treated in 2020-2024 using a differentiated approach with priority use of minimally invasive technologies; the comparison group consisted of 128 patients treated with traditional methods in 2016-2020. The results of the study showed that the use of minimally invasive technologies for biliary drainage significantly improves treatment outcomes in patients with obstructive jaundice. A differentiated approach to choosing the method of biliary decompression, taking into account the etiology of the disease, the severity of hepatic insufficiency, and technical capabilities, reduced the rate of postoperative complications from 21.9% to 8.1% and mortality from 7.0% to 1.4%. It was found that minimally invasive interventions can be used as single-stage procedures in 34.45% of patients, as two-stage minimally invasive interventions in 13.20% of patients, or as two-stage combined minimally invasive and traditional interventions in 20.27% of patients. The use of minimally invasive technologies provides effective decompression of the biliary tract, rapid resolution of jaundice and hepatic insufficiency, which creates favorable conditions for subsequent radical surgical interventions.