Exploring participatory governance in Indian cultural heritage: perceptions, practices, and challenges

Abstract This study explores the perception and implementation of participatory governance in cultural heritage management among heritage professionals in India. By surveying 144 professionals and conducting in-depth interviews with selected experts, the research identifies varying levels of familiarity and diverse definitions of participatory governance. The key findings strongly emphasise inclusive decision-making, transparency, community empowerment, and the integration of traditional knowledge. However, significant challenges remain, including inadequate governance frameworks, limited stakeholder engagement, and a lack of public awareness. This study highlights the benefits of participatory governance—including community trust, socio-economic gains, and better heritage preservation—while noting barriers such as poor communication, political reluctance, and intimidation. It recommends educational programmes, stronger institutional frameworks, and digital tools to increase public participation. It calls for collaborative efforts among government bodies, heritage institutions, and local communities to create inclusive platforms for dialogue and decision-making. By adopting these strategies, India can foster a more effective and sustainable approach to cultural heritage management, ensuring that future generations preserve and appreciate the country’s rich cultural legacy.