What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to develop a high-precision wearable system for analyzing running gait using advanced deep learning techniques.

January 25, 2026Open Access

A wearable monitoring system for running gait analysis by diffusion transformer

Key Points

The research aims to develop a high-precision wearable system for analyzing running gait using advanced deep learning techniques.
Developed a wearable system with a nine-axis MEMS inertial sensor and UWB positioning module.
Enhanced data quality through calibration, noise compensation, and adaptive filtering.
Constructed a DiT-LSTM model for running posture recognition integration with the wearable system.
Conducted experiments on Human3.6M and HumanEva datasets for performance evaluation.
DiT-LSTM achieved 97.54% accuracy on Human3.6M and 96.39% on HumanEva, outperforming other methods.
Precision rates were 97.61% and 96.47%; recall rates were 97.73% and 96.8%, indicating effective recognition.
The model's AUC values were 98.61% on Human3.6M and 97.9% on HumanEva, demonstrating high reliability.
Achieved a real-time inference latency of 9.4 ms and a per-epoch training time of 62.3 seconds.

Abstract

Conventional wearable monitoring devices often suffer from insufficient data accuracy and low posture recognition rates, making them inadequate for the demands of professional sports health monitoring. To address these issues, this study proposes a wearable monitoring system for running gait analysis based on the Diffusion Transformer (DiT). The system aims to achieve high-precision running posture recognition and real-time motion monitoring through multi-sensor data fusion and advanced deep learning architecture. First, a wearable system was developed using a nine-axis Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) inertial sensor and an UltraWide Band (UWB) positioning module. Data quality was enhanced through sensor calibration, noise compensation, and an adaptive filtering algorithm. Then, a DiT-LSTM running posture recognition model was constructed by integrating the DiT with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to perform posture recognition within the wearable system. Experimental results show that on the Human3.6M dataset, the DiT-LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 97.54%, a precision of 97.61%, a recall of 97.73%, an F1-score of 97.58%, and an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 98.61%. On the HumanEva dataset, the model attained an accuracy of 96.39%, a precision of 96.47%, a recall of 96.8%, an F1-score of 96.92%, and an AUC of 97.9%, all outperforming other algorithms. The complexity assessment showed that DiT-LSTM reached 14.7 GFLOPs on the Human3.6M dataset, with a per-epoch training time of 62.3 seconds, while its per-sample inference latency was only 9.4 ms, meeting real-time monitoring requirements. In the UWB-based position drift correction experiment, Sample 1 achieved mean errors of 0.637 m, 0.581 m, and 0.349 m on the X/Y/Z axes, with corresponding RMSE values of 0.041 m, 0.023 m, and 0.025 m, demonstrating high positioning accuracy and stability. By combining multimodal sensors with the DiT-LSTM model, the study offers reliable technical support for running gait analysis, injury prevention, and personalized training guidance.

A wearable monitoring system for running gait analysis by diffusion transformer

Key Points

Abstract

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