What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to extend the Scaling-Duality cosmology framework into a fully falsifiable and reproducible inference workflow.

January 25, 2026Open Access

Cosmological Unification via Scaling–Duality III: Joint Background Constraints, Growth Tests, Perturbation-Consistency Filters, and Falsifiers

Key Points

The aim is to extend the Scaling-Duality cosmology framework into a fully falsifiable and reproducible inference workflow.
Developed a one-dimensional Master ODE for background expansion including key cosmological factors.
Defined a branch-admissibility filter and a joint background likelihood using BAO, supernovae, and CMB distance priors.
Established conservative growth/lensing stress tests under modified parameterization.
Outlined explicit model comparison definitions using AIC/BIC and provided a set of defined falsifiers.
Introduced a comprehensive analysis protocol that facilitates reproducibility and end-to-end replication.
Defined a clear falsifier set and established methodologies for model comparisons.

Abstract

We present the capstone analysis protocol for the Scaling–Dualitycosmology developed in Papers I–II, extending it into a fully falsifiable,reproducibility-first inference workflow. IntroducingE ≡ HH∗, f(H)=H2∗F(E),(1)the framework yields a nonautonomous one-dimensional Master ODEfor the background expansion including radiation and curvature. We(i) define a branch-admissibility filter based onB(E) = 2E−F′(E) >0,(2)(ii) specify a joint background likelihood using BAO (e.g. BOSS DR12compressed; 1), SN (e.g. Pantheon; 2), and CMB distance priors(Planck 2018; 3), and (iii) define conservative growth/lensing stresstests under a modified-growth parameterization (µ(a), optionally slipη(a)). We provide explicit model comparison definitions (AIC/BIC),a sharp falsifier set, and a release architecture (configs, scripts, data,results) designed for end-to-end replication. Unless otherwise stated,figures and table entries labeled as placeholders are illustrative and areintended to be replaced by the final inference outputs when runs areexecuted.

Cosmological Unification via Scaling–Duality III: Joint Background Constraints, Growth Tests, Perturbation-Consistency Filters, and Falsifiers

Key Points

Abstract

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