Objective To evaluate the specific contribution of the real-time postural feedback component during training on balance and mobility in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Method Five databases were searched in June 2025. Studies comparing the same basic balance and gait training with versus without feedback were included. Meta-analysis was conducted and the quality of evidence was assessed. Result Eleven studies were included. Narrative analysis indicated that additional feedback may immediately improve dynamic balance and modulate gait speed but not static balance. Meta-Analysis Showed providing feedback significantly augmented post-training improvement in standing balance (SMD = 0.880, 95% CI = 0.345∼1.416, moderate-quality), but not on walking stability (SMD = 0.516, 95% CI = −0.025∼1.058, moderate-quality), Berg Balance Scale (MD = −0.079, 95% CI = −2.159∼2.000, very-low-quality), Timed-Up-and-Go (MD = 0.939, 95% CI = −1.414∼3.293, low-quality), and walking speed (MD = 0.002, 95% CI = −0.057∼0.062, low-quality). Conclusion Providing real-time postural feedback may have immediate effects on dynamic balance and walking speed and a post-training effect on standing balance in PD. Registration CRD42024522330.
Liang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.