The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) survey is a 15-item parent-report measure of vaccine hesitancy. The initial description of the PACV's development was published in the pages of this journal 15 y ago in 2011 as the first survey of its kind. Subsequent evaluations in 2011 and 2013 of the PACV's psychometric performance in a United States population established its construct validity, predictive validity, test-retest reliability, and its internal consistency reliability. Overall, the PACV has now been featured in 141 studies published in one of three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and/or Web of Science), with 16-20 publications each year for the last 5 y. The PACV has been translated into 20 languages and has been used in 59 countries across 6 continents in studies involving over 100,000 participants. It has been most frequently used as descriptive tool, but it also has been the subject of psychometric evaluations and critical reviews as well as used as an outcomes measure, surveillance tool, screening tool, and as an intervention itself. The PACV has become a widely used valid and reliable method for measuring vaccine hesitancy.
Douglas J. Opel (Thu,) studied this question.