A climate analysis is given of the southern hemisphere spring circulation, September to November 1991, with more detailed treatment of the Australian region. Chiefly positive sea-surface temperature anomalies occurred in the tropics, except in the eastern Pacific and central Atlantic. Similarly the mid-latitudes showed mostly warm anomalies. A three-wave planetary pattern was evident with deep troughs in the mid-Pacific and mid-Indian Oceans, and a weak trough in the Atlantic. Rainfall over Australia was significantly below average.
D. Gaffney (Sun,) studied this question.