A climate analysis is given of the southern hemisphere spring (September to November) 1991, with a greater focus on the Australian region. The season saw the continued development of the El Niño episode which began in autumn 1991. Positive sea-surface temperature anomalies dominated the tropical Pacific, a strong polar trough characterised the Indian Ocean and Australian sectors, and rainfall was below average over most of eastern Australia.
G. S. Beard (Tue,) studied this question.