M2-sEVs-based immunotherapy for alleviation of osteoarthritis-related pain by regulating synovial macrophage NGF expression via the NOTCH pathway

Key Points

• The research aims to investigate the role of M2-sEVs in modulating NGF expression in macrophages to alleviate osteoarthritis pain.
• Utilized M2-sEVs to treat models of osteoarthritis pain
• Measured NGF expression in macrophages
• Examined the involvement of the Notch signaling pathway
• M2-sEVs significantly decreased macrophage-derived NGF levels
• Pain relief was observed in osteoarthritis models
• The Notch pathway was confirmed as a critical regulator of NGF expression