Abstract Background Obesity is a complex and chronic disease that is associated with excessive accumulation of fat in the body. Both high BMI and central obesity are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Purpose We aimed to investigate the prevalence of major ASCVD risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia among 45,591 adult primary care patients participants recruited in three editions of the LIPIDOGRAM studies: 2004, 2006, and 2015 in Poland. Methods Patients (n=47,398) were recruited proportionally to the population of each of the Polish administrative regions. Each patient was asked to fill the questionnaire on risk factors, chronic diseases, treatment and lifestyle. Overweight was defined as BMI between 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI 30.0 kg/m2. Central obesity was defined as a WC 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women. Dyslipidemia was defined as LDL-C level above 115 mg/dL, triglyceride levels 150 mg/dl or statin/fibrate therapy. Standardization to age and sex of the Polish population for 2004, 2006, and 2015 was performed to assess changes in the prevalence of central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and was based on data from the Central Statistical Office in Poland. Expected cases were calculated by multiplying crude prevalence by population size, and standardized percentages were derived using the formula: (Σ expected cases / Σ population) * 100%. Statistical significance was set at p0.05. Results Sex-specific data on the prevalence and levels of cardiovascular risk factors are presented in Table 1. In the studied population, we observed an increase in age-standardized prevalences of obesity (BMI category) from 26.85% in 2004 to 30.80% in 2015 (ratio of 1.15, absolute difference of 3.95%, p-value 0.001) Figure 1 and central obesity from 30.12% in 2004 to 42.19% in 2015 (ratio of 1.40, absolute difference 12.06%, p-value 0.001). Additionally, age-standardized prevalence of diabetes rose from 7.81% in 2004 to 9.85% in 2015 (ratio of 1.26, absolute difference of 2.04%, p-value 0.001), but prevalence of dyslipidemia increased non-significantly from 74.36% in 2004 to 76.39% in 2015, (ratio 1.03 and the absolute difference 2.03, p-value=0.703). Furthermore, a slight decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was observed from 38.14% in 2004 to 37.78% in 2015 (ratio of 0.99, absolute difference of 0.36, p-value 0.001). 55% of individuals in each edition of the LIPIDOGRAM study had two or more coronary heart disease factors. Conclusions Increases in age standardized prevalences of obesity and diabetes were observed among Polish primary health care patients included in the LIPIDOGRAM study from 2004 to 2015. As patients age, the number of cases of diabetes increases. These changes, although not large, cause an increase in cardiometabolic risk.
Nowak et al. (Sat,) studied this question.