This paper evaluates the EU’s progress toward sustainability under the Green Deal, focusing on four key indicators: renewable energy, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions, and circular economy performance. Using a mixedmethod approach, it analyses data from 2019 onward. Findings show increased renewable energy use (24.5% in 2023), persistent energy efficiency gains, and a 30% drop in emissions since 1990. While recycling rates are high, waste generation remains a challenge. The study highlights the role of EU policies such as Fit for 55 and REPowerEU strategies, concluding that deeper efforts are needed to meet its 2030 and 2050 climate targets.
Monika Moraliyska (Mon,) studied this question.