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The review aims to summarize recent advancements in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, focusing on catalysis and process improvements.

February 11, 2026Open Access

Recent Advances in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Catalyst Design, Reaction Mechanisms, and Process Engineering

Key Points

The review aims to summarize recent advancements in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, focusing on catalysis and process improvements.
Overview of developments in catalyst types, including Fe and Co-based and single-atom systems.
Discussion of mechanistic insights from in situ/operando studies and density functional theory.
Analysis of reactor architecture and techno-economic considerations.
Identification of enhancements in catalyst design for higher efficiency.
Insights into the reaction mechanisms that improve sustainability.
Summary of emerging reactor strategies that optimize FTS processes.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) offers a versatile route for converting syngas from coal, natural gas, and biomass into liquid fuels and chemical intermediates, and remains central to the development of cleaner carbon‐conversion technologies. This review provides an integrated overview of recent progress in FTS, with emphasis on advances in catalyst design, mechanistic understanding, and process engineering. Developments from conventional Fe‐ and Co‐based catalysts to single‐atom and carbon‐supported systems are discussed, together with insights gained from in situ/operando studies and density functional theory. Emerging strategies in reactor architecture and techno‐economic analysis are also summarized. By linking molecular‐level understanding with engineering considerations, this review identifies key challenges and outlines opportunities for guiding FTS toward higher efficiency and greater sustainability.

Recent Advances in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Catalyst Design, Reaction Mechanisms, and Process Engineering

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Abstract

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