Mangrove ecosystems face numerous conservation challenges due to human-induced pressures, climate change, and natural disruptions. This paper discusses the restoration initiatives and obstacles encountered in conserving mangroves in Kilifi County, Kenya. Between 2019 and 2024, significant progress was recorded in various restoration sites across the county, with the planting of over 16 million propagules and seedlings. The main species targeted for restoration included iCeriops/ii /iitagal/i, iRhizophora/ii /iimucronata/i, and iAvicennia/ii /iimarina/i, with efforts largely centered on mangrove rehabilitation. Restoration activities were carried out in key areas such as Kanagoni, Ngomeni, Kilifi Creek, and Mida Creek. The adoption of innovative techniques, such as enrichment planting, contributed to the overall success of these initiatives. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges emerged. Environmental pressures, including damage by crabs and grazing animals, negatively affected seedling survival. Limited resources hindered the expansion of restoration efforts, while poor access to remote areas posed difficulties for consistent monitoring. Additionally, the lack of structured collaboration frameworks often delayed stakeholder coordination, and illegal practices such as unregulated logging continued to threaten long-term sustainability. The paper recommends establishing clear and effective collaboration frameworks that outline stakeholder roles and responsibilities. This would improve coordination, and support timely execution of projects. Strengthening partnerships with local communities is also encouraged, as their involvement in sourcing planting materials and participating in restoration activities can foster a sense of ownership and motivate sustained engagement.
Kinyili et al. (Wed,) studied this question.