What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate oncological control and pathological progression after focal low-dose-rate brachytherapy in low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.

February 13, 2026Open Access

Oncological outcomes post focal low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy in low‐intermediate risk prostate cancer

Key Points

To evaluate oncological control and pathological progression after focal low-dose-rate brachytherapy in low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.
Prospective, multi-centre clinical registry
Inclusion criteria focused on unifocal ISUP GG1, GG2, and GG3 prostate cancers
Follow-up involved serial PSA measurements and repeat biopsies at 18-24 months
Pathological control achieved in 76.4% of patients
25 patients had negative biopsies, with 12 showing clinically insignificant disease
Salvage treatment necessary for 9.1% of patients
Mean PSA velocity >0.55 ng/mL/year predicted pathological progression with high sensitivity and specificity

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To prospectively evaluate oncological control, pathological progression, and its predictors following focal low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy for low‐intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa). Patients and methods LIBERATE is a prospective, multi‐centre clinical registry of patients who have undergone focal LDR brachytherapy for low‐intermediate risk PCa since September 2019 (ACTRN:12619001669189). Unifocal ISUP GG1 (≥10 mm in ≥1 core), GG2 (any length) or GG3 (longest core0.55 ng/mL/year was a strong predictor of pathological progression (OR 23.54, 95% CI 4.28–129.35, p = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 90.5%. Conclusion With a median follow‐up of 38 months, these early results suggest that focal LDR brachytherapy for low‐intermediate risk, single‐lesion, imaging‐visible PCa demonstrates satisfactory oncological control. However, further follow‐up is needed to assess long‐term oncological outcomes.

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