What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to evaluate the effects of different coating materials and drying methods on the encapsulation of liquid smoke.

February 14, 2026Open Access

Performance of Alginate-Based Coatings in Liquid Smoke Encapsulation

Key Points

The aim is to evaluate the effects of different coating materials and drying methods on the encapsulation of liquid smoke.
Utilized coacervation technique with various alginate-based coatings.
Tested multiple drying methods: cabinet dryer and open air.
Measured total phenols, acidity, carbonyl content, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity.
Coating material and drying method significantly influenced encapsulation properties.
Highest retention of phenols, acids, and carbonyls achieved with alginate and chitosan mix.
Encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were maximized with alginate-chitosan combination.

Abstract

Liquid smoke contains bioactive compounds such as phenols, carbonyls, and organic acids that function as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. However, its major limitation is its high volatility, which requires protection through encapsulation. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of encapsulated liquid smoke using the coacervation technique with various coating materials, including alginate (A), alginate+gum arabic (AA), alginate+chitosan (AK), alginate+tapioca (AT), and alginate+maltodextrin (AM), as well as two drying methods, cabinet dryer (CB) and open air drying (OA). The results showed that the two factors coating material and drying method significantly affected the total phenol, total acidity, total carbonyl content, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. Total phenol range from 0.75–3.20%, total acidity from 1.72– 4.33%, and total carbonyl content from 6.26–11.53%. AK combination produced the highest retention of phenols, acids, and carbonyls, as well as the highest encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity.

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