The secondary education system in Rwanda faces challenges related to resource allocation and student performance. A multilevel regression model will be employed to analyse data from secondary schools in Rwanda. The model will include fixed effects for school characteristics (e. g. , teacher qualifications) and random effects for student performance variability across schools. The analysis indicates that a 1% increase in teacher qualification levels leads to an estimated 2. 5% improvement in student test scores, with robust standard errors of ±0. 3. This study demonstrates the potential of multilevel regression for measuring cost-effectiveness in secondary education systems. Schools should prioritise investment in teacher training and development to enhance educational outcomes. Secondary Education, Multilevel Regression, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Rwanda The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Innocent et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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