The Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) standard cosmological model has achieved unprecedented success in fitting modern astronomical observations, yet it faces six long-standing core unresolved dilemmas: the 120-order-of-magnitude discrepancy between the quantum field theoretical prediction of vacuum zero-point energy and the measured dark energy density (the cosmological constant problem), the unknown physical origin of dark energy, the cosmic coincidence problem, the unconstrained evolutionary fate of dark matter, the overgrowth problem of high-redshift supermassive black holes at , and the absence of a naturally occurring macroscopic negative energy source in the universe. To address these dilemmas, we construct a complete, self-consistent black hole-mediated coupling model in this paper, supported by strict mathematical derivation and observational constraints. The core framework of the model is built on three experimentally verified physical cornerstones: general relativity, curved spacetime quantum field theory, and vacuum zero-point energy theory, as well as three physically motivated core axioms: (1) the Axiom of the Unique Converter, stating that black holes are the only celestial bodies in the universe capable of triggering the coupling conversion between dark matter and vacuum zero-point energy; (2) the Axiom of Specific Conversion, specifying that the conversion process is only triggered by black hole accretion of dark matter, while accretion of baryonic matter only contributes to black hole mass and spin growth; (3) the Axiom of Covariant Energy Conservation, requiring that the conversion process strictly satisfies local energy conservation and general covariance, with no spontaneous creation or annihilation of energy. Based on this framework, we complete the full derivation from Einstein's field equations to the modified Friedmann equations with coupling terms, establish the quantitative model for the dual roles of dark matter (as both a catalyst for black hole growth and the raw material for energy conversion), elaborate the complete quantum mechanism of negative energy generation near the black hole event horizon, and perform a 13.8-billion-year numerical simulation of cosmological evolution strictly following the cosmic time scale. We further supplement the full linear perturbation theory for cosmic structure formation, complete Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter constraints with the latest high-precision cosmological datasets, and quantify the model's ability to alleviate the Hubble tension and tension in the ΛCDM paradigm. The simulation results show that the model can accurately reproduce the currently observed cosmic energy component fractions (68.6% dark energy, 26.5% dark matter, 4.9% baryonic matter), naturally explain the onset of cosmic accelerated expansion 5 billion years ago, perfectly resolve the overgrowth problem of high-redshift supermassive black holes, and provide a stable macroscopic negative energy source that meets the physical requirements of traversable wormholes. The model yields a goodness-of-fit of 1.02 per degree of freedom for the Planck 2018 CMB data and Pantheon+ Type Ia supernova sample, statistically equivalent to the ΛCDM model for existing high-precision observations. Meanwhile, we propose 5 quantitative, falsifiable observational predictions with clear verification pathways, quantified uncertainty, and strict falsification criteria, all of which can be tested by existing and upcoming astronomical facilities (CSST, Euclid, JWST, LISA, Taiji/Tianqin) within the next 5-10 years. This model provides a novel, concise, and fully self-consistent original theoretical framework for the unified study of dark matter, dark energy, negative energy, and black hole physics. Key words: Dark matter; Dark energy; Negative energy; Black hole physics; Cosmic accelerated expansion; Cosmological evolution; Gravitational wave detection; Modified Friedmann equations; Linear perturbation theory PACS: 98.80.-k; 95.35.+d; 95.36.+x; 04.70.-s; 04.70.Dy; 98.65.Dx; 98.80.Es(98.80.Es)
Jia Peng (Tue,) studied this question.