Biophilic designs: a systematic literature review of current research and future research directions

Purpose Biophilic design has gained credibility because of it is prospective to improve well-being by infusion of nature into enclosed spaces. Although its significance is growing, the field is dispersed, and no comprehensive review has been conducted. This study aims to address this fundamental gap by conducting a systematic literature review of existing research on biophilic designs. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) on 76 academic publications gathered from 47 peer-reviewed journals emulating the SPAR-4-SLR protocol. This study uses Antecedents-Decisions-Outcomes (ADO) framework and Theory, Context and Methods (TCM) framework to synthesize and analyse existing knowledge, examine methodological approaches and identify future directions. Findings The review substantially advances our understanding by providing an integrated conceptual framework that systematically arranges antecedents, mediators, moderators and outcomes of the subject, giving a cohesive model that can be examined empirically in the future. Practical implications The resulting conceptual model extends beyond the conventional aspects of architecture by identifying various mediators and moderators from different perspectives to elucidate it in the context in which biophilic design persuade behaviour and well-being. By emphasizing the broader relevance and applicability of the biophilic designs, the results of this study will practically aid stakeholders or practitioners in optimizing the biophilic elements for maximal impact. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first systematic review of biophilic design which uses an integrated ADO–TCM framework and proposes a structured research agenda, advancing both theoretical and practical understanding of the subject.