Introduction Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a structured technique that induces relaxation by alternately tensing and relaxing muscle groups, supporting both physical and psychological well-being. Slow stroke back massage (SSBM) is also recognized as a therapeutic method that enhances comfort and reduces stress. Given the susceptibility of older adults to hypertension, psychological stress, and sleep disturbances, evaluating the effects of these non-pharmacological interventions remains highly relevant. This review aimed to examine the effects of PMR and SSBM on blood pressure reduction, stress alleviation, and sleep quality improvement among older adults. Methods A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework, refined by Levac et al. (2010), and reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature searches were performed in Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2019 and March 2024. The Boolean strategy combined search terms related to PMR, SSBM, blood pressure, stress, and sleep quality. Eligible studies included empirical research among with older adults that assessed PMR or SSBM with outcomes on blood pressure, stress, or sleep. Non-empirical articles, studies involving children, non-English publications, and studies with poor methodological quality were excluded. After duplicate removal and screening, 10 studies were included in the synthesis. Data were extracted using a standardized form and were analyzed thematically. Results Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and contributed to two major themes. First, PMR significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lowered heart rate, decreased stress and anxiety scores, and improved sleep quality. Second, SSBM helped stabilize blood pressure, reduce stress and depressive symptoms, and enhance sleep comfort in older adults. Conclusion PMR and SSBM are effective, evidence-based, non-pharmacological interventions for improving cardiovascular and psychological outcomes in older adults. Both techniques may be recommended as complementary therapies in geriatric nursing practice.
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