Geotechnical foundation design is crucial for ensuring stability in expansive soils, which are prevalent in many regions including Sudan and Egypt. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving field investigations and laboratory tests to assess soil properties and foundation stability. Field observations indicated a significant variability in soil expansion rates (up to 40% deformation under load), necessitating tailored foundation designs. The study demonstrates the importance of considering expansive soils' unique characteristics for effective geotechnical design, leading to improved foundation performance in Sudan. Engineers should prioritise detailed site-specific assessments and incorporate advanced soil stabilization techniques when designing foundations in regions with expansive soils. The maintenance outcome was modelled as Y₈ₓ=₀+₁X₈ₓ+uᵢ+₈ₓ, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.
El-Gamal et al. (Thu,) studied this question.