Industrial pollution in Zambian industries poses significant environmental challenges. The need for effective pollution control measures is paramount to safeguarding public health and preserving natural resources. A comprehensive methodological approach was employed, integrating literature review, expert consultations, and case studies to identify appropriate pollution control technologies. A mixed-methods research design was utilised, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative environmental impact assessments. The study revealed that the adoption of advanced water treatment systems significantly reduced industrial effluent discharge by an average of 30% in both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). This research provides a robust framework for implementing eco-friendly solutions, emphasising the importance of technological innovation and stakeholder collaboration. Recommendations include prioritising the installation of wastewater treatment facilities, conducting regular environmental audits, and fostering partnerships between industries, government agencies, and academic institutions. The maintenance outcome was modelled as Y₈ₓ=₀+₁X₈ₓ+uᵢ+₈ₓ, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.
Chisala et al. (Tue,) studied this question.