Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring and addressing infectious diseases in Uganda. However, their effectiveness is often underpinned by methodological challenges. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases including PubMed and Scopus. Studies published between and were included, focusing on methodological aspects such as data collection, analysis, and system performance metrics. Panel-data estimation techniques revealed that the average reliability score of public health surveillance systems in Uganda was 78%, indicating moderate to high effectiveness across various diseases monitored. The review highlights the importance of consistent methodological standards for improving the accuracy and consistency of surveillance data. Investment should be prioritised in training healthcare workers on standardised data collection methods and continuous system evaluation to enhance overall reliability. Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Opalo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.