Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction through Agricultural Biomass Energy Production in Western Uganda: Cost-Benefit Analysis and Policy Implications

Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities in Western Uganda contribute to climate change. Biomass energy production is a potential mitigation strategy. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, grey literature sources, and expert consultations. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria and quality assessment. The review identified a total of 25 studies covering the period from to. The cost-benefit analysis for biomass energy projects indicated an average return on investment (ROI) of 78% with varying levels of uncertainty. Agricultural biomass energy production can be a viable strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Western Uganda, but requires further detailed economic evaluation and policy support. Implementing policies that incentivize the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices coupled with robust financial mechanisms is recommended to maximise benefits and mitigate risks. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.