District hospitals in Rwanda are pivotal healthcare providers serving rural populations. Despite their importance, their efficiency and cost-effectiveness remain under-researched. Panel data from administrative health records were analysed to estimate hospital performance. A fixed effects model was employed to account for unobserved heterogeneity across districts. District hospitals showed a median cost-effectiveness ratio of 1. 2, indicating they are slightly more efficient than the national average in terms of resource utilization per patient treated. The panel data analysis revealed that district hospitals in Rwanda have moderate efficiency levels with notable variations across regions. Further research should focus on identifying specific factors influencing hospital performance and exploring ways to enhance cost-effectiveness strategies. district hospitals, cost-effectiveness, panel data, Rwanda Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Kabuye Mukasoba (Thu,) studied this question.