Groundwater is an important freshwater resource around the world which supports drinking water supply, agriculture, and industry. Many communities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, rely on groundwater because it is more stable than surface water. This study investigated the elemental composition of groundwater in Badagry Division, Lagos, Nigeria, to assess water quality and potential health risks. Twelve groundwater samples were randomly collected from major settlements, covering both coastal and inland areas. Twenty elemental components were analyzed, including essential minerals and potentially toxic elements, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Findings revealed that groundwater in Badagry Division has varied quantities of elements, some of which exceed safe levels. Out of the 20 elements examined, 65% met World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) criteria, while 35% exceeded the allowable levels. Lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, sodium, and gallium were all discovered above permissible levels, indicating possible health hazards. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium were all within permissible levels. These exceedances raise serious public health concerns, particularly regarding long-term exposure to heavy metals. The findings underscore the urgent need for groundwater treatment, regular monitoring, and awareness campaigns in Badagry Division. The study provides baseline data, which is important for public health and water policy interventions in the region.
Kuwande et al. (Fri,) studied this question.