Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), referred to as the ‘constant pandemic’, exceeds malaria and HIV as a cause of mortality across low- and middle-income countries. As AMR has been included in the recently adopted world's first Pandemic Agreement, we assess the implications going forward for addressing AMR and meeting the UNGA AMR targets. Methods A rapid literature review was conducted to synthesize policy perspectives and empirical literature using three databases (PubMed, Embase, and CABI - Global Health) for studies published from December 2021 to May 2025. Results Of the 56 included studies only 2 were empirical research. Inductive and deductive analysis using the OECD Framework with a force-field analysis were used to identify drivers and factors which may impede AMR reduction via the pandemic agreement. Challenges include inequity, inadequate governance, and financing. Factors which may impede implementation of the agreement currently outweigh driving forces. Discussion While AMR is included in the pandemic agreement, assessing the merits and risks associated with doing so are important to inform the detail and implementation strategy of the agreement itself. There is consensus that strengthening governance frameworks, fostering equity, and ensuring fair access to health resources are imperative.
Beckham et al. (Fri,) studied this question.