Gut–Brain–Jaw Axis: The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain—A Narrative Review

Key Points

• Gut microbiota impacts both peripheral and central pain mechanisms, leading to orofacial pain.
• Evidence supports using dietary modulation and probiotics as treatment modalities for temporomandibular disorders.
• The narrative review highlights a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain.
• A holistic approach to oral rehabilitation may improve management outcomes and personalize treatment options.