Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is one of the important systems integrated in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research (SESAR) programs, which enables the realization of a safer/safer and more efficient airspace system. In addition to numerous advantages, such as simple implementation, cheap hardware and high positioning accuracy, this wireless communication protocol has some significant drawbacks and they are reliance on the satellite navigation system (which can be physically damaged/corrupted/ exposed to interference) as well as a oversimple protocol that does not provide authentication and encryption. Thus, in addition to being real, threats to the cyber security of ADS-B systems are also constantly increasing. In spite of all this, a very important aspect of using ADS-B is the human factor, which in aviation most often refers to the aspects of human error in aviation accidents and aviation system failures. As ADS-B provides data from which numerous advanced applications can be derived, the implementation of new ADS-B equipment and procedures expands the spectrum of human factors issues, such as understanding the use of automated on-board systems, which are becoming increasingly complex. That is why the analysis of the safety of the ADS-B system is of great importance, i.e. considering potential hazards and analyzing them, using certain methodological approaches, such as Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA), i.e. Preliminary Hazard Analysis/Fault Tree. This approach relies on evaluating identified hazards in hazards preliminary list as well as previously unrecognized hazards identification in the early stages of system development, all, in order to provide recommendations for preventing/ mitigating the identified hazards.
Kožović et al. (Wed,) studied this question.