This article was published in the international peer-reviewed open-access journal Sustainability (2025). The study evaluates the operational performance, energy-saving potential, and economic feasibility of wind-assisted propulsion technologies, with a particular focus on rotor sails. Based on publicly available industry data and simulation modelling, the paper analyses fuel savings across vessel types and operational profiles and assesses investment payback periods under different fuel price and CO₂ cost scenarios. The article is openly available via the publisher’s platform and is deposited in Zenodo to ensure long-term accessibility and linkage with related research outputs and projects.
Carjova et al. (Wed,) studied this question.