Findings demonstrate that physiological data capture state changes during disorientation and support development of adaptive, low-intervention SD countermeasures. Results underscore the value of human-centered, data-driven analysis in aviation safety and provide a scalable framework for SD detection and mitigation. Rouser BP, Rock LD, Paul RC, Jurewicz KA. Characterizing spatial disorientation in flight simulation through electroencephalogram trends. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2026; 97(2):84-92.
Rouser et al. (Sun,) studied this question.