Types and addition sequences of low molecular organic acids impact the remediation efficiency of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar

Key Points

• Cadmium remediation efficiency was improved with specific organic acid sequences, indicating that choice matters.
• The study observed significant differences in remediation rates, with certain acids leading to 30% more cadmium removal than others.
• Analysis of soil samples showed that biochar combined with low molecular organic acids effectively increased cadmium bioavailability.
• These findings highlight the need for further exploration of organic acid types to enhance soil remediation strategies.