The characteristics of metabolites accumulation and their connections with endophytic fungi in roots and stems of Ephedra sinica with different cultivation ages

Key Points

• Metabolite accumulation varies significantly with cultivation age, influencing plant health.
• Notable differences in metabolite profiles were observed between roots and stems of Ephedra sinica.
• Assessment of endophytic fungi revealed varying relationships with metabolites at different growth stages.
• Findings highlight the ecological role of endophytic fungi throughout the lifecycle of Ephedra sinica.