Citric acid-mediated dual modification strategy of PAN-based carbon nanofibers toward compositional and structural optimization for high-performance vanadium flow battery electrodes

Key Points

• High-performance vanadium flow battery electrodes show improved efficiency with citric acid-mediated modifications.
• The study demonstrates a unique dual modification strategy leading to enhanced conductivity and surface area.
• Research involved optimizing the composition and structure of PAN-based carbon nanofibers for battery applications.
• Results indicate significant advancements, but further exploration on scalability is necessary.